英文論文怎麼寫才會好？常常是許多研究生苦惱的問題，這篇文章就是要來教你如何用簡單句型寫出漂亮的Introduction啦！本篇列出了寫英文論文常會用到的片語，這些句子在多數領域都適用，但如果想要更掌握特定領域的論文術語或用詞，則必須要多閱讀相關領域的文獻來更熟悉喔！
Introduction好用句型大彙整
Introduction的部分通常會說明此研究的重要性，而在大多數情況下Introduction不會再細分成其他子節，以下的標題是協助你在寫Introduction時能夠釐清並整理要寫的內容：
一、問題背景/目前近況
因為論文的讀者可能是來自各個領域的人，因此必須先讓讀者們了解問題的背景以及目前近況，才能讓讀者對於研究議題更加了解。以下的句子可以用在說明研究的問題背景或是目前近況，以在之後帶出研究問題及強調問題的重要性。
..... plays an important/vital role in ..... ..... is an important issue for ..... ..... is extensively/widely used in ..... ..... is a very effective method for ..... In the last few years there has been a growing interest in ..... Quite recently, considerable attention has been paid to ..... ..... have/has been gaining importance in recent years ..... ..... have/has been utilized in many applications such as .....
二、文獻回顧/之前研究的摘要
在做研究時，必須要「站在巨人的肩膀上」，所以必須在Introduction中讓讀者可以重點式地了解先前研究的成果。在進行回顧文獻時，有以下四種方式：
-提及該領域的研究成果
透過整理、摘要相關文獻的研究成果讓讀者對於研究問題的背景有更深入的了解。以下句子適合用在提及與摘要其他文獻的研究成果：
Current research on ..... is focused on ..... Previous studies indicate that ..... The literature on ..... shows a variety of approaches Much research on ..... has been done. The focus of recent research has been on ..... ..... has/have been widely researched/investigated. In recent years, research on/into ..... has become very popular. In the last decade ..... has attracted much attention from research teams ..... For several years great effort has been devoted to the study of ..... Several publications have appeared in recent years documenting ..... Previous research has documented/shown/demonstrated that ..... To solve this problem/issue, many researchers have proposed various methods of (+-ing) In the literature, several theories have been proposed to explain .....
➡️可以往右滑喔！
-提及特定學者的研究成果
而除了提及該領域的研究成果之外，也可以以特定學者的研究成果作為文獻回顧的內容。常用句型如下：
..... and .... are discussed in [3] and [6]. X [4] and Y [3] indicate that ..... X et al. [1] argue that ..... One of the first examples of ..... is presented in [2]. Another/The latest solution is described in [3]. The results obtained/offered by X in [5] suggest that ..... Recently, several authors [4], [5], [7] have proposed (a new theory) ..... X [2] and X [5] have demonstrated that ..... A/The most interesting approach to this issue has been proposed by [2]. X [6] has also found that ..... . However, our researchers have arrived at the conclusion/have concluded that ..... ..... was experimentally measured by [7]. X et al. [7] studied ..... and showed that ..... X [11] developed a novel sensor using ..... In this work and in related references it was observed that ..... In [8] it was shown that ..... As reported by X [2], ..... In a recent paper by X [9], .....
➡️可以往右滑喔！
-說明該領域過去研究較少
有些研究內容較創新，不見得找得到相關文獻進行回顧與摘要。這種情形下，可以用以下的句子點出過去比較少人研究此問題：
However, to the author ́s/authors ́ best knowledge, very few publications can be found/are available in the literature that discuss/address the issue of .... To the author ́s/authors ́ knowledge, ..... has/have been scarcely investigated from the point of view of ...../from the theoretical point of view.
➡️可以往右滑喔！
-提出先前研究的限制
在進行文獻回顧時，除了歸納並摘要相關研究的成果外，也要對於這些成果進行批判與建議，包含研究方法的限制、或是研究中未考量到的部分等。透過提出先前研究的限制可以凸顯此研究的重要性。
A key limitation of this research is that (it does not address the problem of .....) The major drawback of this approach is ..... However, most of the previous studies do not take into account ..... This approach may not be practical/orthodox/conventional in all situations. Reference [3] analyses and compares various aspects of ..... . Nevertheless, there are still some interesting and relevant problems to be addressed. However, studies on ..... are still lacking. The problem with this approach is in that it ..... Although several studies have indicated that ....., little attention has been paid/given to .....
➡️可以往右滑喔！
如果是打算今年暑假畢業的研究生，現在應該差不多進行到文獻回顧的部分了吧！有一大堆英文文獻要唸，你/妳快要崩潰了嗎？ParrotTalks查詢筆正是你的救星啦！ParrotTalks提供了網頁PDF即點即查的功能，讓你在進行文獻回顧時效率加倍啦！👉點我免費下載！！
三、研究問題陳述/研究目的
研究問題陳述與研究目的的描述是論文中很重要的一部份，唯有清楚研究問題，才能讓研究內容顯得有意義與說服力。在陳述問題時所使用的語法、句子要視問題的性質而定。以下的例句可以看出這部分與文獻回顧與先前研究有著相當大的關聯：
(A ..... theory of ..... ) has recently been presented in [.....]. However, several practical questions arise when dealing with .....: 1) It is important to (identify .....). 2) It is key to (predict .....). 3. It is crucial to (establish when .....). To answer all these questions, we present an original approach which ..... . Even though (the efficiency of .....) has been improved in recent years, most improvements have been achieved by (minimizing the amount of energy lost in .....). Nonetheless, it is possible to further improve (the efficiency by .....). With this goal, this work (explores, seeks to .....). Based on the approach presented in [3], the purpose of this paper is to .... In this paper, while we refer to our earlier work [2], [3], and [4], the focus is different. Like most authors, we ..... The objective/aim of this paper/study is to propose ..... The paper presents/proposes a new approach to ..... This article introduces a new type of ..... In this paper, we/the authors offer ..... In this paper, we explore the possibility of ..... In this study, a new technique that improves ..... is suggested.
➡️可以往右滑喔！
四、論文架構（通常是放在Introduction的最後）
在Introduction的最後通常會介紹之後研究內容的架構，讓讀者在閱讀時有脈絡可循。以下的句型適合用在說明論文的架構，包含論文分為哪些部分，哪一部分將會討論什麼等。
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows/into ..... sections: Section II describes/outlines ....., Section III discusses/analyses ..... . (Experimental results) are presented in Section IV; Section V concludes the paper. In Section II, ..... will be discussed. Section III is devoted to ..... . Section IV presents (the experimental results). The conclusion is reported in Section V. The proposed (design) is discussed in Section II (The implementation of the proposed design) is presented in Section III. Section IV shows (the experimental results of .....). Finally, Section V concludes with a summary. In Section II we explain ..... . In Section III we introduce our ..... . The measurements are presented in Section IV. Section V summarizes the results of this work and draws conclusions.
➡️可以往右滑喔！
希望這些實用句型能夠幫助到各位研究生囉！下次寫Introduction不知道從何著手時別忘了來這裡看看有沒有好用的句型可以套用啦！
新年陪你奮鬥的好朋友——ParrotTalks查詢筆！ParrotTalks提供了網頁、PDF即點即查的功能，完全是菸酒生讀論文的好幫手啊！別再浪費時間慢慢查單字了，這件事交給ParrotTalks就行啦！
不管你是國內還是國外的研究生，一定都有要閱讀一堆Paper的困擾吧！你用過「ParrotTalks 抄筆記」了嗎？別落伍了，這是個研究生必備的
研究生的秘密練功房 